LNAV/VNAV minimums are a bit of a mystery to most U.S. pilots. That's probably because they're rarely encountered, except at the relatively few airports with RNAV (GPS) approaches that have LNAV/VNAV ...

Missed approaches are critical for safely transitioning from the final approach segment to en-route altitudes, designed with a minimum 200 ft/nm climb gradient (40:1 slope) to ensure obstacle ...

To operate legally and safely below instrument approach minimums, pilots must satisfy §91.175(c) by confirming required flight visibility, distinctly identifying the runway environment, and ...

While Standard Instrument Approach Procedures (SIAPs) are commonly known, **visual approaches** are the most frequent way IFR flights conclude, requiring the pilot to have the airport or preceding ...

Pilots must review the IFR Alternate Minimums Notes to determine alternate airport suitability. designation on the approach chart means that pilots may not use that approach as an alternate due to ...

Earning an instrument and a type rating today still demands the applicant successfully fly a circling approach. Despite the FAA’s recent Advisory Circular (AC) 120-123 calling for an increased focus ...

LNAV/VNAV minimums are crucial to understand as approaches can automatically downgrade from LPV due to insufficient satellite signal quality, even for WAAS-capable receivers, as demonstrated by the ...