Downstream sample preparation for subsequent quality attribute analysis represents “a significant bottleneck in process development for non-antibody biologics,” wrote Kevin Brower, PhD, global head of ...

University of Groningen scientists observed the characteristics of a single enzyme inside a nanopore. This revealed that the enzyme can exist in four different folded states, or conformers, that play ...

Lignin, a heterogeneous aromatic polymer embedded within the plant cell wall, presents a principal barrier to efficient enzymatic deconstruction of lignocellulosic biomass. Its complex ...

Soil extracellular enzymes, produced primarily by microorganisms and plant roots, catalyse the breakdown of complex organic compounds and thus drive the cycling of carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus and ...