There is a link between atypical heart sounds and atrial fibrillation. People with this condition have an irregular, disorganized heartbeat. Atrial fibrillation is a serious type of arrhythmia, which ...

S1 and S2 are the normal heart sounds you hear when the heart valves close. Heart murmurs are extra sounds that can be heard during systole, diastole, or as a continuous sound. S3 and S4 are abnormal ...

Non-invasive diagnostic modalities are integral to cardiovascular care; however, current systems primarily measure peripheral pressure, limiting the breadth of cardiovascular prognostication. We ...

Valvular heart disease (VHD) is a growing public health concern, yet over half of cases remain undiagnosed due to late symptom onset, limited public awareness, and low sensitivity of traditional ...