How does one measure the performance penalty imposed by a compiler and execution environment on a program for using the data abstractions? In this article, I present the Data Abstraction Penalty (DAP) ...

Though type is an extremely important object-oriented concept, it is often overlooked in favor of implementation-centric concerns. Java program development is as much about design as about ...

Classes, fields, methods, constructors, and objects are the building blocks of object-based Java applications. This Java tutorial teaches you how to declare classes, describe attributes via fields, ...