Introduction: Full-endoscopic lumbar discectomy (ELD) can be performed using either the transforaminal (TELD) or interlaminar (IELD) approach. Although both techniques are widely used, the optimal ...

An experimental study of lumbar intervertebral disc transplant in a canine model was reported by Frick and colleagues. [37] Eight dogs underwent a procedure in which the L2-L3 and L4-L5 discs were ...

A recent advancement in minimally invasive spine surgery, unilateral biportal endoscopy integrates the principles of both microscopic and endoscopic techniques. It utilizes two independent portals — ...

Introduction: The unilateral biportal endoscopy (UBE) technique has demonstrated favorable outcomes in lumbar discectomy and decompressive laminectomy. IntraSPINE is an innovative interlaminar dynamic ...

Background The optimal components of postoperative exercise programmes following single-level lumbar discectomy have not been identified. Facilitating lumbar multifidus (LM) function after discectomy ...