Since the sharper increase in road traffic that has been observed since the early 1990s, significant efforts have been made to reduce emissions in motoring. These include the reduction of carbon ...

The seismic design of conventional structures is mainly addressed considering the direct construction cost; the life cycle costs (LCCs) are often neglected. This paper proposes a performance-based ...

This brief presentation of the principles of life-cycle cost analysis is intended as background for the committee's report. Readers seeking a complete discussion of the topic should refer to the ...

The idea that life-cycle costs can be controlled and minimized has wide appeal, but life-cycle cost analysis has not been consistently applied in the design and management of buildings. A variety of ...