Sediment cores collected by instruments such as this one on the back of R/V Neil Armstrong shed light on how the North Atlantic Ocean of the last ice age circulated. Credit: Alice Carter-Champion A ...

The planets of the TRAPPIST-1 system, several of which appear in this illustration, may all be tidally locked to their host star. Credit: European Southern Observatory/M. Kornmesser In the past 20 ...

The Katni River in Madhya Pradesh, India, grew dry and patchy during a 2016 drought. Credit: Anishdayal, Wikimedia Commons, CC BY-SA 4.0 Streamflow drought—when substantially less water than usual ...

Improvements in subseasonal-to-seasonal forecasting (S2S), which projects weather 2 weeks to 2 months in advance, could support more informed decisions about when to plant and irrigate crops, among ...

The current situation on the Birch Glacier at Blatten. Note the rockslide in the background, the huge volume of debris on the ice at the bottom of this slope, the ice of the glacier itself and the ...

If humans want to live in space, whether on spacecraft or the surface of Mars, one of the first problems to solve is that of water for drinking, hygiene, and life-sustaining plants. Even bringing ...

The Moon’s farside is heavily cratered and mostly lacks the dark volcanic basins of the familiar nearside. The South Pole–Aitken basin, the oldest and largest crater on the Moon, is the large dark ...

Fair peer review is a necessity for research across all scientific disciplines. Thousands of experts volunteer their time each year to advance scientific understanding and provide feedback to their ...

Two observers in southeast Alaska log monitoring data. Credit: Lee House, NOAA’s Arctic Report Card 2025 NOAA released this year’s Arctic Report Card on 16 December at AGU’s Annual Meeting 2025 in New ...

Sea ice that has persisted for at least 15 days and is held fast to the shoreline is called “fast ice.” Around Antarctica, fast ice protects continental ice from ocean waves, creates unique ecological ...

Thunderstorms, produced when air rises through the depth of the troposphere, are notoriously difficult to represent in global climate models. Whether air parcels have the energy to rise or not does ...

A modeling study shows how warm subtropical waters and cold Antarctic waters combine to form an Indo-Pacific water mass that plays a key role in Earth’s climate. Prior research has suggested ...