The Black Men Who Invented Modern Emergency Medicine In 1967, twenty-five unemployed Black men from Pittsburgh became America's first paramedics—and revolutionized emergency medicine forever. This is the story of Freedom House Ambulance Service: the pioneers who invented modern EMS, saved hundreds of lives, and were systematically erased by racism and politics. Before Freedom House, emergency transport meant police vans or funeral homes with zero medical training. Dr. Peter Safar—whose daughter